Table 4.

The works on the defect control method and the relationships between position defects and mechanical properties in variable-stiffness laminates.

Contributors		Defects			Methods	Mechanical Properties
		Gaps	Overlaps	Others
Control method	Blom et al. [52]	+	+		Tow-drop method	Strength and stiffness
	Blom et al. [59]	+	+		Staggering method	Structural performance
	Kim et al. [60,61,62,63]	+	+		CTS method	—
Mechanical properties	Fayazbakhsh et al. [64]	+	+		Finite Element Method (FEM)	In-plane stiffness and bulking load
	Wu et al. [65]	+	+		Experiments	Bulking stiffness
	Nik et al. [66]	+	+		Pareto solutions	In-plane stiffness and bulking load
	Falco et al. [67]	+			Experiments	UNT and OHT
	Falco et al. [68]	+			Meso testing, FEM	In-plane tensile
	Li et al. [69]	+	+		Modeling	Out-of-plane waviness
	Bakhshi et al. [83]			+	Modeling	—
	Akbarzadeh et al. [89]	+			Simulations, experiments	Vibration