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. 2020 Jun 4;12(6):1289. doi: 10.3390/polym12061289

Table 1.

Recent studies on biopolymer films with antioxidant activity.

Active Agents Type of Biopolymer Matrix Concentration of Active Agents Antioxidant Activity Ref.
Protein Films
pomegranate peel powder fish gelatin 1% to 5%

  • from~59.74% to ~71.82% (DPPH· method)

  • from~48.40% to ~80.02% (ABTS+ method)

 [14]
Centella asiatica (L.) urban extract bovine gelatin type B 5% to 25%

  • from ~31.21% to ~47.51% (DPPH· method)

 [27]
Aloe vera gel fish gelatin 1% to 9%

  • up to ~145% (DPPH· method)

  • up to ~100% (ABTS+ method)

 [16]
Morinda citrifolia oil fish gelatin 1% to 3%

  • up to ~3975% (DPPH· method)

  • up to ~7400% (TPC method)

 [28]
melanin nanoparticles gelatin 0.25% to 1%

  • up to ~996% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~891% (DPPH· method)

 [29]
  • -

    montmorillonite (MMT)

  • -

    clove essential oil (CEO)

 soy protein isolate (SPI) MMT—0.25 g and 0.5 g
CEO—0.5 mL

  • the addition of MMT caused an increase in antioxidant activity of SPI films (up to ~87%—ABTS+ method; ~400%—FRAP method; ~193%—TPC method)

  • the addition of CEO caused an increase in antioxidant activity of SPI-MMT films (up to ~2320%—ABTS+ method; ~8138%—FRAP method; ~3294%—TPC method)

 [26]
Polysaccharide Films
cotton seed protein hydrolysates alginate 0.15% to 0.60%

  • up to ~96.9% (DPPH· method)

  • up to ~761.4% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~950% (FRAP method)

 [30]
fungal extract from Tricholoma terreum chitosan 100 mg

  • up to ~121% (DPPH· method)

 [31]
  • -

    Montmorillonite (MMT)

  • -

    Pomegranate rind powder extract (PRP)

 chitosan MMT 1 to 5%
PRP 1–2%

  • films with 3% MMT and 2% PRP had the highest amount of total phenolic (15.2 mg GAE/g DW) and were the most active radical scavengers (~71%—DPPH· method)

 [32]
curcumin
zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)		 carboxymethyl cellulose curcumin 0.5% and 1%
ZnONPs 1%

  • up to ~95% and ~400% in films with ZnONP addition (DPPH· and ABTS+ method, respectively)

  • up to ~2016% and ~6067% in films with curcumin addition (DPPH· and ABTS+ method, respectively)

  • no synergistic effect was noted in antioxidant properties after adding ZnONPs and curcumin to the film

 [33]
melanin nanoparticles cellulose nanofibres 0.25% to 2%

  • up to ~1950% (ABTS+ method)

 [34]
Polysaccharide-Protein Films
peanut shell and skin extracts starch/chitosan 10, 30 and 60 mL

  • In Proceedings of the

 [11]
pu-erh and green tea extracts furcellaran/bovine gelatin 5% to 20% For films with pu-erh extract:

  • from 39.58% to 48.94% (DPPH· method)

  • from 6.84% to 14.98% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~820% (TPC method)

For films with green tea extract:

  • from 42.53% to 48.94% (DPPH· method)

  • from 8.81% to 15.76% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~310% (TPC method)

 [35]
cinnamon essential oil chitosan/gum arabic 8% Depending on the ratio of chitosan (CS) to gum arabic (GA), (CS:GA—1:0; 1:0.25; 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:2; 1:4):

  • from 17.32% (at 1:0 ratio) to 44.53% (at 1:2 ratio) (DPPH· method)

  • from 12.63% (at 1:0 ratio) to 40.27% (at 1:2 ratio) (H2O2 method)

 [24]
pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf extract (PE) and/or natamycin (NA) cassava starch/chitosan 2.25 g PE/100 g film solution
1 g NA/100 g film solution
2.25 g PE + 1 g NA/100 g film solution		 For films with PE:

  • up to ~680% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~2450% (DPPH· method)

  • up to ~2134% (FRAP method)

For films with NA:

  • up to ~87% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~663% (DPPH· method)

  • up to ~100% (FRAP method)

Films with PE + NA:

  • up to ~385% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~2017% (DPPH· method)

  • up to ~1316% (FRAP method)

 [36]
quercetin-starch chitosan/gelatin 0.16 g quercetin

  • up to ~299% (ABTS+ method)

  • up to ~161% (DPPH· method)

 [37]

Abbreviations: DPPH—(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical method; ABTS+—ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay; FRAP—Ferric reducing antioxidant power; TPC—Total phenolic content.