EXHIBIT 3.

Change In Outcomes After October 2010 Compared To Before October 2010: Women Ages 19–25 (Study Group) And Women Age 18 Or 26 (Control Group)

Dependent variable	Change from before October 2010 to after October 2010 (percentage points)		Difference-in- differences estimatea
	Ages 19–25a	Age 18 or 26a
INSURANCE COVERAGE
Any insurance coverage	8.82***	1.43	7.40***
AWARENESS
Heard of HPV	0.37	0.48	−0.12
Heard of HPV vaccine	2.39	0.64	1.75
VACCINATION STATUS
Vaccine initiation	6.83**	−0.85	7.69***
Vaccine completionb	4.32*	−1.51	5.83**

SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2008–12. NOTES Percentage-point changes were estimated using linear probability models. Sample size included 10,010 18–26-year-old women, including 7,975 19–25-year-olds and 2,035 18- or 26-year-olds. Controls included fixed effects for single years of age, race/ethnicity, marital status, health status, region of residence, an urban area indicator, and year fixed effects. HPV is human papillomavirus.

^aThe difference-in-differences estimate is the coefficient on the interaction between the binary variable indicating an interview date after policy implementation and the binary variable indicating that a person was in the group ages 19–25. The change in outcome for the group age 18 or 26 (control group) is estimated as the coefficient on the binary variable indicating an interview date after policy implementation. The change in outcome for the group ages 19–25 (study group) is estimated as the sum of these two coefficients.

^bWhen vaccine completion is the outcome variable, the binary variable indicating an interview date after policy implementation was equal to 1 for interview dates after April 1, 2011, instead of October 1, 2010. A person was considered to have completed the three-dose vaccine series if she reported receipt of three or more doses of the vaccine.

^*p<0:10

^**p<0:05

^***p<0:01