Table 1.
Full Sample Mean (SD) | TMJD (n=40)1 Mean (SD) | HC (n=22)2 Mean (SD) | t | p | Cohen’s D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and Pain Description | ||||||
Age | 29.47 (6.58) | 30.40 (6.19) | 27.77 (7.07) | 1.52 | .29 | 0.40 |
% Female | 85.5 | 87.5 | ||||
Race | ||||||
Caucasian | 80.6 | 90.0 | 63.6 | - | - | - |
African American | 6.5 | 2.5 | 13.6 | - | - | - |
Asian American | 4.8 | 2.5 | 9.1 | - | - | - |
Mixed/Other | 8.1 | 5.0 | 13.6 | - | - | - |
% Married | 35.5 | 47.5 | 13.6 | - | - | - |
Pain Duration (in years) | - | 7.71 (5.71) | - | - | - | - |
Pain Severity | ||||||
Mild n, (%) | - | 16 (40.0%) | - | - | - | - |
Moderate n, (%) | - | 23 (57.5%) | - | - | - | - |
Severe n, (%) | - | 1 (2.5%) | - | - | - | - |
Self-Report Measures | ||||||
Sleep Surveys | ||||||
PSQI (range) | 6.68 (3.62) | 7.90 (3.12) | 4.45 (3.46) | 4.00 | <.001 | 1.05 |
ISI Total (0–28) | 6.92 (5.00) | 8.83 (4.36) | 3.45 (4.22) | 5.37 | <.001 | 1.25 |
PROMIS SRI (range) | 17.03 (4.84) | 18.70 (4.93) | 13.86 (2.63) | 4.19 | <.001 | 1.22 |
PROMIS SD (range) | 21.15 (5.14) | 22.43 (4.30) | 18.71 (5.82) | 2.83 | .006 | 0.73 |
Sleep Diary | ||||||
Sleep Quality (0–5) | 3.49 (0.55) | 3.32 (0.48) | 3.79 (0.56) | 3.49 | <.001 | 0.90 |
Restfulness (0–5) | 3.04 (0.68) | 2.83 (0.59) | 3.43 (0.68) | 3.62 | <.001 | 0.94 |
Actigraphy Measures | ||||||
Total Sleep Time (minutes) | 414.70 (45.78) | 413.80 (44.01) | 416.36 (49.99) | 0.21 | .84 | 0.05 |
Sleep Efficiency (%, 0–100) | 82.60 (5.58) | 82.81 (5.70) | 82.21 (5.45) | 0.36 | .69 | 0.11 |
Wake After Sleep Onset (minutes) | 40.53 (14.23) | 37.98 (14.27) | 45.26 (13.21) | 1.93 | .058 | 0.53 |
Pain Outcomes | ||||||
Average Cold Pain Intensity (0–100) | 59.68 (25.13) | 65.81 (21.65) | 47.99 (27.61) | 2.77 | .007 | 0.72 |
Situational Pain Catastrophizing (range) | 2.75 (1.24) | 2.95 (1.25) | 2.39 (1.16) | 1.71 | .09 | 0.46 |
Abbreviations: HC = Healthy controls; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index; PROMIS = Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; TMJD = Temporomandibular joint disorder; SRI = Sleep-Related Impairment; SD = Sleep Disturbance.
Note:
One participant from the TMJD group did not complete actigraphy data, leaving 39 cases available for analysis of objective sleep measures in that group.
One participant in the HC group did not return for a second visit, leaving 21 cases available for analysis in that group on all measures except for PSQI and ISI which were collected at visit one.