Table 1.

Description of 9 peripartum ECMO cases, including etiology of illness and perinatal course

#	Peripartum status at time of ECMO initiation	Etiology of illness/indication for ECMO	Maternal survival	Fetal survival	Delivery indication and mode of delivery	Birth details	ECMO circuit	Time on MV before ECMO	Days on ECMO	Time on MV post ECMO
A	Pregnant, 21 wk	Urosepsis, aspiration pneumonia, ARDS	Yes	Yes	Nonreassuring fetal testing in the setting of diabetic ketoacidosis; cesarean delivery	Live birth, 4 wk after ECMO (26 wk)	V-V	<12 h (intubated outside the hospital)	8	8 d
B	Pregnant, 22 wk	Malaria-induced ARDS	Yes	No (previable)	Preterm labor, spontaneous vaginal delivery	Spontaneous preterm delivery of 22-wk twin gestation	V-V	14 h	6	<1 d
C	Pregnant, 29 wk	Status asthmaticus, sepsis	No	No	Not delivered secondary to maternal death	Intrauterine fetal demise noted on ECMO day 4 at 30 wk	V-V	3 d	6	a
D	Pregnant, 30 wk	H1N1 influenza–induced ARDS	No	Yes	Preterm labor; forceps-assisted vaginal delivery	Live birth on ECMO day 3 at 30 wk	V-V	6 d	14	6 d
E	Intraoperative, during cesarean delivery, 29 wk	Preeclampsia with severe features, flash pulmonary edema, aspiration, ARDS	Yes	Yes	Fetal bradycardia owing to maternal respiratory failure; cesarean delivery	Live birth at 29 wk	V-V	1.5 h	4	1 d
F	Postpartum, day 0	Septic abortion with septic shock, ARDS	No	No (previable)	Dilation and evacuation	Fetal demise at 15 wk	V-V	16.5 h	1	a
G	Postpartum, day 1	Cholecystitis with septic shock and multiorgan failure/ARDS and subsequent pneumonia	No	No (previable)	Passed spontaneously	Spontaneous abortion at 12 wk	V-V	12 h	9	a
H	Postpartum, day 14	Preeclampsia with pulmonary edema, ARDS (and subsequent pneumonia)	No	Yesb	Failed labor induction; cesarean delivery	Live birth at term	V-V	11 d (MV initiated on postpartum day 3)	12 (ECMO d/c’d 2/2 systemic bleeding)	2 d
I	Postpartum, day 36	Large lower extremity and inferior vena cava deep venous thrombus, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest	No	Yesb	Labor induction; cesarean delivery	Live birth at term	V-A	<1 h	1	a

ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MV, mechanical ventilation; V-A, venoarterial; V-V, venovenous.

Webster et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pregnant and postpartum women. AJOG MFM 2020.

^aDeath occurred on ECMO

^bDelivery occurred before presumed onset of maternal illness.