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. 2020 Jul 14;17:210. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01887-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4. — LPS-induced microglial activation was blocked by BDNF pre-treatment. a–d BV2 microglial cells. a The experimental timeline. b, c Levels of p-p38 (n = 3) and p-JNK (n = 3) in the BV2 cells. d Levels of TNF (n = 4) and IL-6 (n = 6) in conditioned media. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 versus BDNF(-)LPS(-) group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 versus BDNF(-)LPS(+) group. e–h Purified primary microglial cells. e The experimental timeline. f, g Levels of p-p38 (n = 4) and p-JNK (n = 4) in the primary microglial cells. h Levels of TNF (n = 4) and IL-6 (n = 4) in conditioned media. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 versus respective Saline group; ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 versus respective Veh group (n = 4). Data are presented as mean ± S.D