Figure 3.
Estimated associations from models stratified by ethnicity between the number of flares within of maternal residence and (A) the odds of preterm birth, (B) the odds of small-for-gestational age birth, (C) gestational age, and (D) term birthweight, Eagle Ford Shale, Texas, 2012–2015 (, Hispanic women and non-Hispanic white women). Full numeric data are provided in Tables S8 and S9. Figures show effect estimates and 95% CIs comparing infants with prenatal exposure to a low (1–9) and high (10–562) number of nightly flare events within of the maternal residence to unexposed infants. All estimates are adjusted for the number of oil and gas wells within , maternal age, nativity, education, prepregnancy BMI, smoking, insurance, parity, high-risk pregnancy, infant sex, prenatal care, year of birth, and season of birth. Models of term birthweight additionally control for gestational age. Red lines indicate the null. Note: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.