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. 2020 Jul 8;8:722. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00722

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Copyright © 2020 Avitabile, Fusco, Minardi, Orecchioni, Zavan, Yilmazer, Rauner, Pippia, Tasciotti and Delogu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Osteo-differentiation related gene expression array in G and MG conditions. (A) Heat map of 84 osteo-related genes under MG conditions indicating the difference between induced-MSC and 3D MHA/Coll scaffold, showing standardized expression levels of modulated genes for the control, induced-MSC under G and induced-MSC under MG samples, respectively (red: high gene expression; green: low gene expression; black: unmodulated genes). (B) Tables showing the main modulate genes in comparison to the uninduced control in induced-MSC and MHA/Coll under G and MG conditions, respectively. (C) Osteogenic differentiation on MHA/Coll after MG. The main genes involved in osteoblast differentiation were analyzed using Real-Time PCR: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (BGLAP). Statistical differences:; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, for G group vs. ctrl G; ^##p < 0.01, for MG group vs. ctrl MG (Two-way ANOVA). Bars indicate the compared samples under different conditions.