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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2020 May 14;14:34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.002

Fig. 1. Aspects of TBI and SCI pathogenesis modeled in vitro.

Fig. 1.

CNS injury is highly heterogenous and is categorized the biomechanics of the forces acting on the brain or spinal cord during trauma, injury severity, and other clinical complications. a. Focal injury results from direct impact to tissue and can lead to formation of a lesion. b. Diffuse injury results from rapid rotational and/or linear acceleration of brain or spinal cord that propagates shear, compression, and tension stress in multiple regions of the respective tissue. c-d Spinal cord injury can be further classified based on whether the spinal cord is completely severed (c) or is partially damaged (d). Investigators should utilize appropriate in vitro models of CNS trauma based on the severity and biomechanics of injury that is the focus of study.