Table 1.

Demographics of study participants. Age was compared with a one-way ANOVA. Disease duration and levodopa daily equivalent were compared using t-tests and Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons. There was a significant difference in levodopa daily equivalent between the Parkinson’s disease with RSWA (PD-RSWA+) and Parkinson’s disease without RSWA (PD-RSWA−) groups (* p = 0.009). Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS III) total scores and rigidity subscores were compared between groups using independent samples Kruskal-Wallis tests. These scores were significantly higher in both Parkinson’s disease groups compared to the control group (* p < 0.001).

	Control (n=20)	PD-RSWA− (n=19)	PD-RSWA+ (n=22)
Male/Female	8/12	13/6	13/9
Age (years)	60.2 ± 7.4	62.6 ± 8.6	65.1 ± 6.4
Disease duration (years)	N/A	2.1 ± 1.5	2.8 ± 2.2
MDS-UPDRS III Total Score (OFF medications) *	3.5 ± 2.5	35.5 ± 11.9	40.1 ± 13.8
MDS-UPDRS III Section 3.3 Rigidity Subscore *	1.0 ± 1.2	6.1 ± 3.0	7.3 ± 3.6
Levodopa daily equivalent (mg) *	N/A	225 ± 168	505 ± 416

Note: RSWA: REM sleep without atonia.