Table 2.
Mixed ANOVA Results. F-statistics and p-values are shown for main effects and interactions analyzed for each quantitative rigidity metric. Significant effects (p < 0.05) are indicated with an asterisk. Results of post hoc testing are described in the right column. Participants who exhibited rapid eye movement sleep without atonia (RSWA) in at least one muscle group were categorized as Parkinson’s disease with RSWA (PD-RSWA+) while those with no RSWA were categorized as Parkinson’s disease without RSWA (PD-RSWA−).
| Main effect of Group | Main effect of Side | Main effect of Activation | Interaction of Group × Side | Interaction of Group × Activation | Post hoc comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angular impulse | F=4.32, p=0.018* |
F=9.86, p=0.003* |
F=33.11, p<0.001* |
F=2.76, p=0.072 |
F=4.78, p=0.012* |
Group: PD-RSWA+ > Controls Side: More affected > less affected Activation: Activation > no activation Group × Activation: Activation > no activation in PD |
| Peak negative power | F=4.31, p=0.018* |
F=14.59, p<0.001* |
F=47.08, p<0.001* |
F=4.61, p=0.014* |
F=3.75, p=0.029* |
Group: PD-RSWA+ > Controls Side: More affected > less affected Activation: Activation > no activation Group × Side: More affected > less affected in PD Group × Activation: Activation > no activation in PD |
| Negative work | F=4.03, p=0.023* |
F=8.24, p=0.006* |
F=33.48, p<0.001* |
F=3.74, p=0.03* |
F=2.59, p=0.084 |
Group: PD-RSWA+ > Controls Side: More affected > less affected Activation: Activation > no activation Group × Side: More affected > less affected in PD |
| Stiffness | F=4.68, p=0.013* |
F=10.59, p=0.002* |
F=33.2, p<0.001* |
F=6.88, p=0.002* |
F=5.69, p=0.006* |
Group: PD-RSWA+ > Controls Side: More affected > less affected Activation: Activation > no activation Group × Side: More affected > less affected in PD-RSWA− Group × Activation: Activation > no activation in PD |
Note: RSWA: REM sleep without atonia.