Table I.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of critically ill pediatric patients with COVID-19
| Characteristics | Total (n = 70) | No ARDS (n = 49) | ARDS (n = 21) | P value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 15.0 (9.0, 19.0) | 15.0 (11.0, 18.0) | 14.0 (9.0, 19.0) | .7237 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 27 (38.6) | 19 (38.8) | 8 (38.1) | .9573 |
| Male, n (%) | 43 (61.4) | 30 (61.2) | 13 (61.9) | |
| Race | ||||
| Black, n (%) | 23 (32.9) | 19 (38.8) | 4 (19.0) | .1699 |
| White, n (%) | 7 (10.0) | 6 (12.2) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Latino, n (%) | 27 (38.6) | 15 (30.6) | 12 (57.1) | |
| Other, n (%) | 13 (18.6) | 9 (18.4) | 4 (19.0) | |
| Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 56.6 (27.7, 96.1) | 63.4 (27.7, 96.1) | 45.2 (28.0, 83.8) | .8526 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) [n = 66] | 22.7 (19.1, 32.7) | 23.5 (19.2, 32.7) | 21.4 (19.1, 30.6) | .9561 |
| PIM-2 score: % risk of mortality, median (IQR) [n = 69] | 0.8 (0.2, 1.4) | 0.8 (0.2, 1.8) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) | .6417 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Obesity (BMI>30), n (%) [n = 66] | 20 (30.3) | 13 (28.9) | 7 (33.3) | .7144 |
| BMI >35, n (%) [n = 66] | 14 (21.2) | 9 (20.0) | 5 (23.8) | .7534 |
| BMI >40, n (%) [n = 66] | 12 (18.2) | 8 (17.8) | 4 (19.0) | 1.0000 |
| BMI >50, n (%) [n = 66] | 4 (6.1) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (9.5) | .5865 |
| Respiratory, n (%) | 17 (24.3) | 10 (20.4) | 7 (33.3) | .2478 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 4 (5.7) | 3 (6.1) | 1 (4.8) | 1.0000 |
| Hematologic/malignancy/immunosuppression, n (%) | 12 (17.1) | 8 (16.3) | 4 (19.0) | .7432 |
| Diabetes/prediabetes, n (%) | 9 (12.9) | 7 (14.3) | 2 (9.5) | .7140 |
| Neurologic, n (%) | 10 (14.3) | 5 (10.2) | 5 (23.8) | .1536 |
| 2 or more comorbidities, n (%) | 18 (25.7) | 12 (24.5) | 6 (28.6) | .7203 |
| 3 or more comorbidities, n (%) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.5) | .0870 |
| Presenting symptoms/history | ||||
| Cough, n (%) | 50 (71.4) | 34 (69.4) | 16 (76.2) | .5637 |
| Fever, n (%) | 51 (72.9) | 34 (69.4) | 17 (81.0) | .3187 |
| Shortness of breath, n (%) | 45 (64.3) | 26 (53.1) | 19 (90.5) | .0028 |
| Headache, n (%) | 15 (21.4) | 9 (18.4) | 6 (28.6) | .3564 |
| Rhinorrhea, n (%) | 9 (12.9) | 4 (8.2) | 5 (23.8) | .1155 |
| Nausea/vomiting, n (%) | 24 (34.3) | 20 (40.8) | 4 (19.0) | .0787 |
| Diarrhea, n (%) | 18 (25.7) | 12 (24.5) | 6 (28.6) | .7203 |
| Myalgias, n (%) | 13 (18.6) | 10 (20.4) | 3 (14.3) | .7410 |
| Known sick contacts, n (%) [n = 11 missing] | 30 (50.8) | 19 (47.5) | 11 (57.9) | .4555 |
| Travel history in past month, n (%) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (4.8) | .5130 |
| Duration of symptoms before admission, d, median (IQR) [n = 1 missing] | 5.0 (2.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 8.5) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | .7626 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| Temp, °C, median (IQR) | 37.5 (36.9, 38.3) | 37.4 (36.9, 38.3) | 37.5 (37.0, 37.9) | .7923 |
| Heart Rate, bpm, median (IQR) | 107.0 (99.0, 129.0) | 107.0 (101.0, 131.0) | 107.0 (99.0, 123.0) | .6628 |
| SBP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 114.0 (101.0, 126.0) | 116.0 (102.0, 126.0) | 105.0 (95.0, 124.0) | .1421 |
| DBP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 68.5 (58.0, 77.0) | 69.0 (58.0, 79.0) | 68.0 (58.0, 72.0) | .6909 |
| RR, bpm, median (IQR) | 26.0 (22.0, 38.0) | 25.0 (22.0, 36.0) | 32.0 (26.0, 42.0) | .0724 |
| SpO2 percentage, median (IQR) | 98.0 (96.0, 99.0) | 98.0 (96.0, 99.0) | 97.0 (94.0, 99.0) | .2375 |
| Admission diagnosis | ||||
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 47 (67.1) | 26 (53.1) | 21 (100.0) | .0090 |
| Shock, n (%) | 5 (7.1) | 5 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 5 (7.1) | 5 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| DKA, n (%) | 7 (10.0) | 7 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Seizures/neuro, n (%) | 5 (7.1) | 5 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
bpm, breaths per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SpO2, arterial oxygen saturation.
∗
χ2 test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.