Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjectsa
| Total (n = 13,554) | Gender | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 5478) | Female (n = 8076) | |||
| Age, year | 64.3 (7.4) | 65.5 (7.4) | 63.6 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 (3.8) | 24.1 (3.5) | 25.5 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| baPWV, m/s | 17.2 (3.4) | 17.2 (3.4) | 17.3 (3.4) | 0.006 |
| Plaque presence, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 7893 (58.2) | 2692 (49.1) | 5201 (64.4) | |
| Yes | 5661 (41.8) | 2786 (50.9) | 2875 (35.6) | |
| Plaque number, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 2575 (19.0) | 1112 (20.3) | 1463 (18.1) | |
| 2 | 1467 (10.8) | 702 (12.8) | 765 (9.5) | |
| ≥3 | 1619 (11.9) | 972 (17.7) | 647 (8.0) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 135.4 (17.4) | 132.8 (16.9) | 137.2 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.0 (10.9) | 82.3 (11.3) | 81.8 (10.6) | 0.007 |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 2892 (21.4) | 2690 (49.2) | 202 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Current drinking, N (%) | 3032 (23.2) | 2667 (52.7) | 365 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory results, mmol/l | ||||
| Total cholesterol | 5.3 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.096 |
| Fasting glucose | 6.2 (2.0) | 6.2 (2.0) | 6.3 (2.0) | 0.398 |
| Folate, ng/ml | 18.9 (15.4) | 18.4 (16.0) | 19.3 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum homocysteine, μmol/l | 13.5 (7.2) | 15.3 (9.1) | 12.3 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/(min·1.73 m2) | 88.6 (14.9) | 87.1 (15.3) | 89.7 (14.5) | <0.001 |
| Medication use, N (%) | ||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 13,148 (97.1) | 5327 (97.3) | 7821 (97.0) | 0.276 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | 727 (5.5) | 209 (3.9) | 518 (6.6) | <0.001 |
BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SBP systolic blood pressure
aVariables are presented as mean (SD) or n (%)