Table 1.

Factor structures of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale derived from exploratory factor analyses using maximum likelihood extraction with Oblimin rotation.

EPDS item		M (SD)	3-factor				2-factor			1-factor
			Anx	Dep	Anh	Comm	Anx/Dep	Anh	Comm	Total	Comm
1 montha
1c	Laugh	0.09 (0.31)	− 0.02	0.03	0.80	0.66	0.02	0.81	0.67	0.54	0.29
2c	Enjoyment	0.11 (0.35)	0.01	0.01	0.85	0.73	0.06	0.80	0.69	0.57	0.32
3	Self-blame	1.29 (0.78)	0.64	0.01	− 0.04	0.40	0.67	− 0.14	0.38	0.53	0.28
4	Anxious	1.16 (0.84)	0.91	− 0.08	− 0.01	0.75	0.81	− 0.11	0.57	0.66	0.43
5	Scared	0.51 (0.70)	0.59	0.17	− 0.01	0.48	0.73	− 0.06	0.49	0.64	0.41
6	Hard to cope	1.26 (0.59)	0.36	0.00	0.17	0.21	0.39	0.11	0.20	0.44	0.19
7	Hard to sleep	0.11 (0.40)	− 0.03	0.68	0.02	0.45	0.40	0.22	0.29	0.58	0.33
8	Sad	0.41 (0.59)	0.36	0.43	0.05	0.52	0.66	0.11	0.52	0.73	0.54
9	Crying	0.12 (0.37)	− 0.05	0.84	0.00	0.65	0.47	0.24	0.39	0.66	0.44
10	Self-harm	0.12 (0.43)	0.08	0.52	0.03	0.35	0.44	0.16	0.28	0.56	0.32
6 monthsb
1c	Laugh	0.04 (0.20)	− 0.01	0.05	0.72	0.55	0.01	0.77	0.59	0.45	0.20
2c	Enjoyment	0.06 (0.26)	0.01	− 0.02	0.86	0.72	0.04	0.76	0.60	0.47	0.22
3	Self-blame	1.22 (0.81)	0.64	0.00	− 0.03	0.40	0.66	− 0.12	0.37	0.55	0.30
4	Anxious	0.99 (0.81)	0.89	− 0.05	− 0.03	0.73	0.82	− 0.13	0.59	0.68	0.47
5	Scared	0.47 (0.68)	0.62	0.13	− 0.03	0.49	0.73	− 0.08	0.49	0.65	0.42
6	Hard to cope	1.11 (0.57)	0.38	− 0.01	0.12	0.19	0.40	0.06	0.18	0.42	0.17
7	Hard to sleep	0.14 (0.45)	− 0.01	0.69	0.01	0.47	0.45	0.20	0.33	0.60	0.36
8	Sad	0.37 (0.57)	0.35	0.45	0.02	0.54	0.67	0.11	0.53	0.74	0.55
9	Crying	0.12 (0.37)	− 0.08	0.84	0.03	0.65	0.47	0.27	0.41	0.66	0.43
10	Self-harm	0.16 (0.48)	0.19	0.46	0.05	0.38	0.51	0.16	0.36	0.62	0.39

Bold represents factor loading ≥ .32 on a particular factor, but < .32 on other factors.

Anx anxiety, Dep depression, Anh anhedonia, Anx/Dep anxiety and depression, Comm. communality.

^an = 9,038.

^bn = 8,613.

^cPositively worded item.