Table 4.

Methods of assessing muscle regeneration within in vivo systems.

Outcome	Marker assessed	Analysis method
Force production	─Isometric torque	Electrical stimulation of peroneal nerve
Muscle regrowth	─Muscle weight	Weighing target muscle
Cell infiltration	─Cell morphology within implant ─Pax7	H&E histology Immunofluorescence
Fibrosis	─Collagen	Masson's Trichrome histology
Myotube formation	─MHC ─Desmin ─Dystrophin	Immunofluorescence
Blood vessel formation	─CD31 ─vWF ─α-smooth muscle actin ─Isolectin	Immunofluorescence
NMJs formation	─α-bungarotoxin ─β III tubulin	Immunofluorescence
Immunogenic inflammation	─F4/80 ─Mac-3	Immunofluorescence
Pro-inflammatory macrophage	─iNOS	Western blotting
Ant-inflammatory macrophage	─Arginase	Western blotting