Table 1.

Definitions of anthropometric measurements in the present study

Anthropometric measurements	Anthropometric landmark	Illustrated in Fig. 1 as
Length of the head	Vertex–gnathion	I
Width of the head	Straight line distance as measured with sliding caliper between the right external auditory meatus and left external auditory meatus	II
Depth of the head	Straight line distance as measured with a sliding caliper between back of the head and glabella	III
Face height	Glabella–gnathion	IV
Lower face height	Subnasale–gnathion	V
Nose height	Glabella–subnasale	VI
Width of the mouth	Right chelion–left chelion	VII
Upper face height	Glabella–upper lip	VIII
Upper lip height	Subnasale–upper lip	IX
Mandible height	Gnathion–lower lip	X
Mandibular length	Straight line distance as measured with a sliding caliper between the tragus and gnathion	XI
Palatal width	Straight line distance from the upper right first molar (16) to the left first molar (26), if one or both teeth were extracted then the distance from the alveolar ridges of the estimated location of the first molars was used	Not shown