Table 1.
Univariate patient characteristics and durations of hypotension for the study cohort
| Age, years | Mean 77.9, standard deviation ± 12.9 |
|---|---|
| Female gender | n = 39, 75% of total |
| Length of stay in hospital, days | n = 28, range 3–122 |
| ASA physical status classification | (% of total) |
| 1 | n = 4 (8%) |
| 2 | n = 20 (38%) |
| 3 | n = 24 (46%) |
| 4 | n = 1 (2%) |
| Data not available | n = 3 (3%) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | Mean 5.712, range 0–11 |
| Documented surgical procedure | (% of total) |
| Open reduction of hip with internal fixation | n = 8 (15%) |
| Hemiarthroplasty of hip | n = 23 (44%) |
| Dynamic hip screw | n = 8 (15%) |
| Gamma nail | n = 8 (15%) |
| Total arthroplasty of hip | n = 4 (8%) |
| Revision of total arthroplasty of hip | n = 1 (2%) |
| Anaesthetic technique | (% of total) |
| SA, NIBP monitoring | n = 19 (37%) |
| SA, arterial line | n = 12 (23%) |
| GA, NIBP monitoring | n = 4 (8%) |
| GA, arterial line | n = 17 (33%) |
| Data not available | n = 4 (8%) |
| Vasopressor boluses administered, number | (% of total) |
| 0 | n = 13 (25%) |
| 1 | n = 22 (42%) |
| 2 | n = 11 (21%) |
| 3 | n = 5 (10%) |
| 4 | n = 1 (2%) |
| Duration of hypotension, minutes | Mean (range) |
| MAP < 55 mmHg | 102.02 (0–362) |
| MAP < 75 mmHg | 83.63 (0–344) |
| SAP < 80% baseline on hospital admission | 69.76 (0–463) |
| SAP < 80% baseline prior to induction of anaesthesia | 63.43 (0–322) |
| Lowest absolute blood pressure, mmHg | Mean (range) |
| SAP | 82.2 (51–122) |
| MAP | 55.02 (33–92) |
| Highest single Clavien-Dindo classification | |
| 0 | 11 (21%) |
| 1 | 11 (21%) |
| 2 | 20 (38%) |
| 3 | 7 (13%) |
| 4 | 2 (4%) |
| 5 | 1 (2%) |
| Comprehensive Complication Index | Mean 20.4, standard deviation ± 19.2, range 0–100 |
SA spinal anaesthesia, GA general anaesthesia, NIBP non-invasive blood pressure, ORIF open reduction with internal fixation