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. 2020 Jul 9;8:651. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00651

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Copyright © 2020 Longoni, Pennings, Cuenca Lopera, van Rijen, Peperzak, Rosenberg, Levato and Gawlitta.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Humoral response to the non-autologous implants. (A) Systemic IgG quantification shows a significant increase over time for all samples, but no differences between groups at any time-points. (B) Specific anti-donor IgG and IgM (red staining) were observed in all groups, but in particular in the xenogeneic group. (C) Quantification of the fluorescent staining confirmed that significantly more antibodies are produced against the xenogeneic implant. Although not statistically significant, more antibodies are produced on average against the allogeneic implants compared to the syngeneic ones. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001.