. 2020 Jul 15;10:11660. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68578-y

Table 2.

Comparison of duration of surgery, bleeding volume, and number of lymph node dissections between group A and group B.

Variable	Operative team	Overall	3D-printing group	3D-image group	Control group
Duration of surgery (min)	Group A	172.5 ± 23.7**	152.5 ± 21.2**^##	171.4 ± 21.5**^#	191.4 ± 10.4*
Duration of surgery (min)	Group B	146.8 ± 26.7	128.2 ± 10.1^##	139.7 ± 20.1^#	168.0 ± 26.9
Bleeding volume (mL)	Group A	109.0 ± 32.1*	83.1 ± 16.2^## +	112.2 ± 33.8*	128.9 ± 26.7**
Bleeding volume (mL)	Group B	83.7 ± 30.5	70.5 ± 37.4	84.5 ± 23.7	94.2 ± 26.0
Number of lymph node dissections	Group A	15.2 ± 3.5	17.4 ± 2.6	14.5 ± 3.2*	14.6 ± 3.8
Number of lymph node dissections	Group B	17.7 ± 4.2	20.7 ± 4.1^##	19.0 ± 3.3^##	15.5 ± 3.7

Group A. Surgeons with less surgical experience or novice surgeons.

Group B. Surgeons with more surgical experience.

*P < 0.05, when group A was compared with group B.

**P < 0.01, when group A was compared with group B.

^#P < 0.05, when 3D-printing group or 3D-image group was compared with control group,

^##P < 0.01, when 3D-printing group or 3D-image group was compared with control group.

⁺P < 0.05, when 3D-printing group was compared with 3D-image group.