Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
| Whole sample | LPS-induced subsample | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 2872 | n = 1229 | |
| Age in years (mean, SD) | 41.9 (13.0) | 42.8 (12.7) |
| Female (%) | 66.5 | 65.6 |
| North-European etnicity (%) | 94.9 | 94.8 |
| BMI (mean, SD) | 25.6 (5.0) | 25.7 (5.0) |
| Smoking status (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 28.0 | 29.0 |
| Former smoker | 33.6 | 34.2 |
| Current smoker | 38.4 | 36.8 |
| Education level (%) | ||
| Elementary or lower | 6.49 | 6.4 |
| Secondary education | 58.2 | 56.7 |
| College or university | 35.4 | 36.9 |
| Sickness prior to interview (%) | 27.9 | 30.1 |
| Chronic somatic disease, yes (%) | 40.4 | 44.3 |
| Anti-inflam. med., yes (%) | 4.9 | 3.1 |
| MDD, yes (%) | 35.4 | 28.8 |
| Minor depression, yes (%) | 2.8 | 2.1 |
| Dysthymia, yes (%) | 9.3 | 10.4 |
| Anxiety disorder, yes (%) | 43.6 | 44.4 |
| No Disorder (%) | 46.1 | 46.3 |
| No lifetime disorder (%) | 34.1 | 36.3 |
| Total score IDS at baseline (SD) | 21.184 (14.6) | 20.86 (14.6) |
| Antidepressants | ||
| TCA (%) | 3.7 | 2.9 |
| SSRI (%) | 16.8 | 16.5 |
| Other (%) | 5.5 | 5.6 |
| No AD (%) | 75.5 | 75.9 |
| Inflammatory markers (mean, sd) | ||
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.09 (1.41) | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.55 (13.5) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.82 (5.12) | |
| Inflammatory markers after LPS induction (mean, sd) | ||
| IFN-ƴ (pg/ml) | 12.80 (10.8) | |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 300.28 (294.9) | |
| IL-18 (pg/ml) | 262.39 (91.9) | |
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 10.06 (5.0) | |
| IL-6 (ng/ml) | 27.36 (15.6) | |
| IL-8 (ng/ml) | 12.02 (7.7) | |
| MCP-1 (ng/ml) | 1.72 (1.1) | |
| MIP-1α (ng/ml) | 19.38 (12.0) | |
| MIP-1β (ng/ml) | 245.52 (123.3) | |
| MMP-2 (pg/ml) | 72.13 (19.3) | |
| TNF-α (ng/ml) | 3.19 (2.0) | |
| TNF-β (pg/ml) | 324.21 (126.6) | |
Demographic and clinical sample characteristics.
BMI body mass index, MDD major depressive disorder, TCA tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, AD antidepressants, TNF (median) tumor necrosis factor, IL Interleukin, CRP C-reactive protein, IFN-ƴ Interferon-ƴ, MCP-1 higher monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MIP macrophage inflammatory protein, MMP-2 matrix metallopeptidase-2.