Table 2.
(A) Basal serum inflammatory markers in realtion to IDS symptoms over the course of 9 years. (B) LPS-induced inflammatory markers in realtion to IDS symptoms over the course of 9 years.
| A. | Basal Serum inflammation index | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 | |||
| Item | Beta (SE) | p value | |
| 1. Falling asleep | 0.025 | (0.015) | 0.096 |
| 2. Sleep during the night | 0.005 | (0.014) | 0.723 |
| 3. Waking up too early | 0.015 | (0.014) | 0.270 |
| 4. Sleeping too much | 0.053 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 5. Feeling Sad | 0.033 | (0.014) | 0.022* |
| 6. Feeling irritable | 0.016 | (0.014) | 0.252 |
| 7. Anxious or tense | 0.018 | (0.014) | 0.213 |
| 8. Response of mood | 0.038 | (0.013) | 0.004* |
| 9a. Mood in time of day | 0.012 | (0.013) | 0.361 |
| 10. Quality of mood | 0.028 | (0.014) | 0.049* |
| 11. Decreased appetite | 0.039 | (0.012) | 0.001* |
| 12. Increased appetite | 0.050 | (0.013) | <0.001* |
| 13. Decreased weight | 0.041 | (0.010) | <0.001* |
| 14. Increased weight | 0.031 | (0.011) | 0.006* |
| 15. Concentration | 0.025 | (0.014) | 0.071 |
| 16. View of myself | 0.034 | (0.014) | 0.018* |
| 17. View of my future | 0.051 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 18. Death or suicide | 0.034 | (0.014) | 0.017* |
| 19. General interest | 0.057 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 20. Energy level | 0.076 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 21. Capacity for pleasure | 0.057 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 22. Interest in sex | 0.053 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 23. Psychomotor retardation | 0.061 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 24. Psychomotor agitation | 0.018 | (0.014) | 0.220 |
| 25. Aches and pains | 0.085 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 26. Sympathetic arousal | 0.055 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| 27. Panic/Phobic | 0.016 | (0.015) | 0.288 |
| 28. Constipation/diarrhea | 0.041 | (0.014) | 0.003* |
| 29. Interpersonal sensitivity | 0.006 | (0.014) | 0.683 |
| 30. Leaden paralysis | 0.072 | (0.014) | <0.001* |
| B. | LPS-induced index inflammation factor 1 | LPS-induced index inflammation factor 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-y | IL-8, IL-18, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β | |||||
| Item | Beta (SE) | p value | Beta (SE) | p value | ||
| 1. Falling asleep | 0.018 | (0.024) | 0.445 | 0.013 | (0.024) | 0.570 |
| 2. Sleep during the night | 0.032 | (0.022) | 0.132 | 0.017 | (0.022) | 0.429 |
| 3. Waking up too early | −0.003 | (0.023) | 0.879 | −0.004 | (0.023) | 0.853 |
| 4. Sleeping too much | 0.010 | (0.023) | 0.653 | 0.008 | (0.023) | 0.720 |
| 5. Feeling Sad | 0.018 | (0.024) | 0.466 | 0.028 | (0.024) | 0.247 |
| 6. Feeling irritable | 0.049 | (0.023) | 0.035* | 0.075 | (0.023) | 0.001* |
| 7. Anxious or tense | 0.045 | (0.023) | 0.055 | 0.064 | (0.023) | 0.007* |
| 8. Response of mood | 0.030 | (0.021) | 0.159 | 0.071 | (0.021) | 0.001* |
| 9a. Mood in time of day | −0.005 | (0.021) | 0.820 | 0.032 | (0.021) | 0.132 |
| 10. Quality of mood | 0.039 | (0.023) | 0.093 | 0.071 | (0.023) | 0.002* |
| 11. Decreased appetite | 0.017 | (0.019) | 0.359 | 0.071 | (0.018) | <0.001* |
| 12. Increased appetite | −0.004 | (0.021) | 0.852 | 0.012 | (0.021) | 0.567 |
| 13. Decreased weight | 0.003 | (0.016) | 0.854 | 0.050 | (0.016) | 0.002* |
| 14. Increased weight | 0.013 | (0.018) | 0.469 | 0.030 | (0.018) | 0.088 |
| 15. Concentration | 0.024 | (0.023) | 0.290 | 0.071 | (0.023) | 0.002* |
| 16. View of myself | 0.006 | (0.024) | 0.799 | 0.080 | (0.023) | 0.001* |
| 17. View of my future | 0.042 | (0.024) | 0.081 | 0.072 | (0.024) | 0.003* |
| 18. Death or suicide | 0.041 | (0.023) | 0.082 | 0.040 | (0.023) | 0.082 |
| 19. General interest | 0.026 | (0.022) | 0.242 | 0.068 | (0.022) | 0.002* |
| 20. Energy level | 0.027 | (0.023) | 0.233 | 0.085 | (0.022) | <0.001* |
| 21. Capacity for pleasure | 0.014 | (0.023) | 0.523 | 0.070 | (0.022) | 0.002 |
| 22. Interest in sex | 0.000 | (0.022) | 0.987 | 0.040 | (0.022) | 0.070 |
| 23. Psychomotor retardation | 0.013 | (0.023) | 0.561 | 0.068 | (0.022) | 0.003* |
| 24. Psychomotor agitation | 0.011 | (0.023) | 0.650 | 0.065 | (0.023) | 0.005* |
| 25. Aches and pains | 0.045 | (0.023) | 0.052 | 0.105 | (0.023) | <0.001* |
| 26. Sympathetic arousal | 0.025 | (0.023) | 0.260 | 0.073 | (0.022) | 0.001* |
| 27. Panic/Phobic | 0.056 | (0.024) | 0.018* | 0.068 | (0.024) | 0.004* |
| 28. Constipation/diarrhea | 0.039 | (0.022) | 0.085 | 0.024 | (0.022) | 0.282 |
| 29. Interpersonal sensitivity | 0.023 | (0.024) | 0.332 | 0.061 | (0.023) | 0.009* |
| 30. Leaden paralysis | 0.021 | (0.024) | 0.369 | 0.077 | (0.023) | 0.001* |
Standardized beta coefficients of the association between basal serum inflammatory markers and individual depressive symptoms. Linear mixed models fitted with repeated measures, using standardized IDS-SR item-scores as outcome variables, which were assessed up to six times over 9 years of follow-up. Standardized beta coefficients were adjusted for gender, age, sickness prior to interview, and the use of anti-inflammatory medication.
*P values that remained significant (<0.05) after correcting for multiple testing using the Benjamin–Hochberg procedure.