Fig. 3. Inhibition of ZIKV by digoxin and ouabain occur via Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase.

Vero cells infected with ZIKV (H/PF/2013) were treated with increasing concentrations of NaCl (a, b) and KCl (c, d) at 1 h pre-infection. Cell supernatants were collected for the plaque assay at 48 h post-infection. Data are represented as the means ± SDs from at least three independent experiments. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.