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. 2020 Jul 15;10:11681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68574-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Piperine impairs cell cycle progression of SW480 and RKO cell lines. (A–D) Histograms represent DNA content of cells in G0/G1 (gate M1), S (gate M2) and G2/M phase (gate M3) of the cell cycle of SW480 cells untreated or treated with DMSO, 50 and 100 μM piperine for 48 h. (E) G0/G1 (F) S and (G) G2/M phase contents graphs of treated SW480 cells. (H) Western blot for analysis of c-myc and pH3 protein contents of SW480 cells treated with DMSO, 50 or 100 μM piperine, or 10 μM XAV939 for 24 h. β-actin was stained as a loading control. (I–L) Histograms of RKO cells untreated or treated with the described conditions. (M) G0/G1 (N) S and (O) G2/M phase contents graphs of treated RKO cells. (P) Western blot of treated RKO cells. These data are representative of three independent experiments. The raw immunoblot data is shown in Supplementary Figure S4. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.