Table 2.
Clinical information of infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
| Symptomatic CMV n = 49 | Asymptomatic CMV n = 31 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | |||
| Sex, males, n (%) | 30 (61%) | 16 (52%) | 0.49* |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39 (38–40) | 39 (39–40) | 0.045 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3035 (2457–3278) | 3195 (2951–3359) | 0.048 |
| Birth length (cm) | 48 (46–49) | 49 (47.4–50) | 0.024 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 33.4 (32–34.4) | 34 (33–34.6) | 0.021 |
| Age at sample collection (days) | 17 (11–22) | 17 (14–24) | 0.75* |
| Examination findings, n (%) | |||
| Rash‡ | 16 (33%) | 0 | N/A |
| Splenomegaly | 12 (24%) | 0 | |
| Hepatomegaly | 11 (22%) | 0 | |
| SGA | 10 (20%) | 0 | |
| Microcephaly | 8 (16%) | 0 | |
| IUGR | 5 (10%) | 0 | |
| Laboratory results (at diagnosis) | |||
| WBC (cells/mm3) | 10,735 (8355–13,133) | 10,500 (9690–13,030) | 0.63 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 (11.3–17.2) | 13.9 (13.2–16.1) | 0.32 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.1 (33.4–48.4) | 39.3 (36.8–46.9) | 0.58 |
| Platelet count (/mm3) | 257,000 (94,250–391,500) | 330,000 (251,500–417,500) | 0.049 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20 (14–31) | 17 (12.3–27.8) | 0.15 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.3 (0.2–0.53) | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 0.75 |
| Neuroimaging findings, n (%) | |||
| Abnormal head ultrasound | 26 (58%) | 0 | N/A |
| Abnormal head CT | 3 (75%) | 0 | |
| Abnormal brain MRI | 8 (89%) | 0 | |
| Audiologic findings, n (%) | |||
| Abnormal ABR at any time | 22 (45%) | 11 (35%) | 0.49 |
| Abnormal initial ABR | 9 (18%) | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Abnormal follow-up ABR† | 13 (32%) | 11 (44%) | 0.43 |
Laboratory results available for 94% (46/49) infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection and 94% (29/31) of asymptomatic CMV infection. Neuroimaging studies performed in 92% (45/49) of symptomatic and 90% (28/31) of asymptomatic CMV infection. Initial audiological evaluations performed in all infants with symptomatic or asymptomatic cCMV infection.
CMV cytomegalovirus, SGA small for gestational age, IUGR intrauterine growth restriction, WBC white blood cell, ALT alanine aminotransferase, CT computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, ABR auditory brainstem response. Continues variables reported as medians and 25–75% interquartile range. Statistical comparisons computed by two-tailed Mann–Whitney or Fisher’s T test (*).
‡Eight patients with petechiae, four patients with purpura, two patients with a “blueberry muffin” rash, and three patients with a combination of above.
†Follow-up evaluation of at least 1 year. Follow-up ABR available for 41 infants with symptomatic CMV infection and 25 infants with asymptomatic CMV infection.