Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (mean ± one standard deviation, SD) for the anthropometric, dry-land strength, and in-water variables.
| Mean ± 1SD | Inter-limb difference | Dominant | Non-dominant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominant | Non-dominant | t-test (p) | d | F-ratio (p) | η2 | F-ratio (p) | η2 | |
| Arm (cm) | 31.93 ± 2.85 | 31.61 ± 2.89 | 2.38 (0.027) | 0.11 | ||||
| Forearm (cm) | 27.91 ± 1.96 | 27.55 ± 1.99 | 2.09 (0.049) | 0.19 | ||||
| HSA (cm2) | 139.04 ± 10.09 | 140.57 ± 11.72 | − 1.65 (0.115) | 0.14 | ||||
| Handgrip (kg) | 45.63 ± 3.46 | 44.88 ± 6.56 | 0.76 (0.454) | 0.07 | ||||
| vmean (m s−1) | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 1.58 ± 0.10 | 4.69 (< 0.001) | 0.44 | 9.11 (0.001) | 0.11 | 4.67 (0.016) | 0.05 |
| vpeak (m s−1) | 1.86 ± 0.13 | 1.78 ± 0.11 | 4.27 (< 0.001) | 0.66 | 4.01 (0.036) | 0.09 | 2.95 (0.066) | 0.07 |
| dv (%) | 9.82 ± 3.81 | 9.06 ± 4.00 | 1.74 (0.087) | 0.20 | 1.40 (0.259) | 0.02 | 1.09 (0.345) | 0.01 |
| UST (s) | 0.81 ± 0.10 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 0.02 (0.986) | 0.00 | 8.40 (0.002) | 0.02 | 1.55 (0.227) | 0.01 |
| Fmean (N) | 40.21 ± 5.75 | 38.48 ± 5.99 | 2.03 (0.046) | 0.31 | 8.83 (0.001) | 0.05 | 0.84 (0.404) | 0.01 |
| Fpeak (N) | 63.21 ± 9.79 | 64.29 ± 8.89 | − 0.85 (0.400) | 0.11 | 1.43 (0.252) | 0.01 | 0.60 (0.549) | 0.01 |
| dF (%) | 41.91 ± 9.13 | 47.83 ± 9.91 | − 4.02 (< 0.001) | 0.64 | 2.62 (0.105) | 0.04 | 1.22 (0.305) | 0.02 |
It is also presented the inter-limb difference between dominant and non-dominant variables, and the variation (repeated measures) of the in-water variables during three consecutive cycles.
p significance value, d Cohens d (effect size index), η2 eta square effect size, HSA hand surface area, vmean mean swim speed, vpeak peak swim speed, dv intra-cyclic variation of the swim speed, UST underwater stroke time, Fmean mean thrust of the arm-pull, Fpeak peak thrust, dF intra-cyclic variation of the thrust, (−) negative symbol in the t-test indicates that dominant side is lower than the non-dominant.