Table 3.
Multilevel Models Predicting Vehicle Miles Driven Per 2 Weeks.
| Fixed Effects | COVID-19 | Demographic Predictors | Final Model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Status | Intercept | 150.44*** | 188.23*** | 203.65*** |
| (16.12) | (28.76) | (29.39) | ||
| Male | 28.17 | |||
| (27.45) | ||||
| Minority | −54.45 | |||
| (31.68) | ||||
| 18 vs 16 y old | −28.56 | |||
| (30.11) | ||||
| Job | 13.15 | |||
| (28.20) | ||||
| Prosocial Dire | 13.08* | |||
| (5.05) | ||||
| Slope before COVID-19 | Intercept | 3.05 | 2.72 | 1.59 |
| (4.82) | (4.77) | (5.18) | ||
| Slope Change during COVID-19 | Intercept | −21.52** | −41.99*** | −40.97** |
| (7.87) | (9.79) | (10.63) | ||
| Male | 3.72 | |||
| (7.84) | ||||
| Minority | 18.51* | 15.96 | ||
| (8.73) | (9.27) | |||
| 18 vs 16 y old | 17.10* | 15.72 | ||
| (8.33) | (8.58) | |||
| Job | 12.26 | |||
| (8.31) | ||||
| Prosocial Dire | −3.87* | |||
| (1.52) | ||||
| Variance Components | ||||
| Level 1 | Within-person | 9765.12*** | 9911.86*** | 9881.27*** |
| (1229.68) | (1130.28) | (1219.84) | ||
| Level 2 | In initial status | 7597.29** | 6216.03** | 6051.78** |
| (2210.31) | (1847.99) | 1956.54 | ||
| In rate of change | 64.43 | 66.50 | 70.92 | |
| (76.20) | (44.26) | (66.26) | ||
| In change after COVID-19 | 151.45 | -- | 7.59 | |
| (274.62) | -- | (247.02) | ||
| Goodness of Fit | ||||
| Deviance | 3227.6 | 3212.7 | 3014.6 | |
| AIC | 3241.6 | 3236.7 | 3044.6 | |
| BIC | 3256.0 | 3261.4 | 3074.4 | |
Note: * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.