Table 2.
Classification and characteristics of the cutaneous lesions reported in association with COVID-19.
| Cutaneous manifestation (total number of reported cases) | Number of patients | Age, mean (range) (years) | Sex | Country | Location of skin lesions | Dermatologic symptoms | Phase of COVID-19 in which skin lesions appeared | Method of COVID-19 diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maculopapular rash | 200 | 60.6 (6-89) | F: 102 M: 82 N/M: 16 |
Spain: 176 Italy: 17 France: 4 USA: 2 Thailand: 1 |
Trunk: 14 Generalized (erythroderma): 8 Face & upper body: 2 N/M: 176 |
Asymptomatic: 64 Itching: 104 Burning: 10 Pain: 4 N/M: 18 |
Prodromal: 9 Active: 131 Convalescence: 60 |
146 cases were confirmed by PCR. Others were not tested or N/M. |
|
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| Urticaria | 84 | 47.6 (2 months–71 years) N/M: 5 |
F: 52 M: 27 N/M: 5 |
Spain: 74 Italy: 4 France: 3 Belgium: 2 Thailand: 1 |
Trunk: 3 Generalized: 4 Face & upper body: 3 N/M: 73 |
Asymptomatic: 9 Itching: 73 Burning: 1 Pain: 1 |
Prodromal: 5 Active: 52 Convalescence: 25 N/M: 2 |
57 cases were confirmed by PCR. Others were not tested or N/M. |
|
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| Chilblain | 81 | 31.76 (14-48) | F: 53 M: 25 N/M: 3 |
Spain: 72 Italy: 4 France: 3 Kuwait: 2 |
Fingers: 2 Heel & toes: 79 |
Asymptomatic: 24 Itching: 22 Burning: 11 Pain: 26 |
Prodromal: 5 Active: 26 Convalescence: 42 Asymptomatic carrier of COVID-19: 8 |
31 cases were confirmed by PCR. Others were not tested or N/M. |
|
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| Vesicular rash | 61 | Not reportable | F: 26 M: 31 N/M: 4 |
Spain: 26 Italy: 35 |
Trunk: 26 (2 of them localized & herpetiform) N/M: 35 |
Asymptomatic: 20 Itching: 34 Burning: 2 Pain: 3 N/M: 2 |
Prodromal: 5 Active: 46 Convalescence: 10 |
41 cases were confirmed by PCR. Others were not tested or N/M. |
|
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| Livedo reticularis | 23 | 62.5 | F: 11 M: 12 |
Spain: 21 USA: 2 |
Lower limb: 2 (unilateral) N/M: 21 |
Asymptomatic: 17 Itching: 3 Burning: 2 Pain: 1 |
Prodromal: 1 Active: 19 Convalescence: 3 |
19 cases were confirmed by PCR. Others were not tested or N/M. |
|
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| Petechiae | 2 | 1 patient: 48 1 patient: N/M |
M: 1 N/M: 1 |
Spain: 1 Thailand: 1 |
Lower half of the body: 1 N/M: 1 |
N/M Itching |
Prodromal: 1 Active: 1 |
Both cases were confirmed by PCR. |
M: male; F: female; N/M: not mentioned; PCR: polymerase chain reaction.