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. 2020 Jun 15;26(3):261–279. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0032

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Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — The lifecycle of HBV and HBcrAg. The schematic shows the steps involved in the lifecycle of HBV. Importantly, it shows the sources of various HBV-related molecules used routinely for diagnosis, clinical monitoring, and prognosis of HBV infection. These include the core-related antigens (p22cr, HBe, and core antigens), HBsAg, and HBV DNA measured in serum. cccDNA, although measurable in serum in association with liver injury, is mainly measured from liver biopsy samples. HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA; HBcrAg, hepatitis B core-related antigen; HBeAg, hepatitis B envelope antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus.