Table 2. Perioperative Data and Histopathologic Findings in 111 Patients.
| Variable | NGTD, No. (%) of patients | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| With (n = 59) | Without (n = 52) | ||
| Pain control | |||
| Epidural | 12 (2.3) | 14 (26.9) | .75 |
| Intravenous analgesia | 46 (78.0) | 37 (71.2) | |
| Surgical approach | |||
| Laparotomy | 48 (81.4) | 45 (86.5) | .79 |
| Hybrid | 7 (11.9) | 4 (7.7) | |
| Totally laparoscopic | 4 (6.8) | 3 (5.8) | |
| Operative time, median (IQR), min | 325.0 (263.5-382.5) | 307.5 (250.0-380.0) | .30 |
| Pancreatic texture | |||
| Soft | 25 (42.4) | 29 (55.8) | .22 |
| Firm | 34 (57.6) | 23 (44.2) | |
| Pancreatic duct diameter, median (IQR), mm | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | .18 |
| Wirsung duct drainage | |||
| Yes | 36 (61.0) | 26 (50.0) | .33 |
| No | 23 (39.0) | 26 (50.0) | |
| Vein resection | .88 | ||
| Yes | 13 (22.0) | 13 (25.0) | |
| No | 46 (78.0) | 39 (75.0) | |
| Hepatic artery resection | |||
| Yes | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.8) | .60 |
| No | 58 (98.3) | 50 (96.2) | |
| Organ-associated resection | |||
| Yes | 4 (6.8) | 6 (11.5) | .51 |
| No | 55 (93.2) | 46 (88.5) | |
| Estimated operative blood loss, median (IQR), mL | 200.0 (10.0-35.0) | 187.5 (100.0-500.0) | .41 |
| Blood transfusion | |||
| Yes | 5 (8.5) | 6 (11.5) | .82 |
| No | 54 (91.5) | 46 (88.5) | |
| Time to nasogastric tube ablation, median (IQR), d | 4 (3-6) | 0 | <.001 |
| Disease type | |||
| Benign | 11 (18.6) | 10 (19.2) | >.99 |
| Malignant | 48 (81.4) | 42 (80.8) | |
| Histopathology diagnosis | |||
| Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | 24 (4.7) | 25 (48.1) | .56 |
| Duodenum carcinoma | 3 (5.1) | 5 (9.6) | |
| Ampullary tumor | 4 (6.8) | 5 (9.6) | |
| Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma | 1 (1.7) | 0 | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 6 (1.2) | 4 (7.7) | |
| Metastasis | 4 (6.8) | 0 | |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Neuroendocrine tumor | 5 (8.5) | 2 (3.8) | |
| Tumor size, median (IQR), mm | 2.5 (1.9-3.4) | 2.5 (2.0-3.5) | .67 |
| Histopathology resection margina | |||
| R0 | 42 (87.5) | 35 (83.3) | .85 |
| R1 | 8 (16.7) | 7 (16.7) | |
| Lymph node count, median (IQR), No. | 19 (12.5-25.0) | 18.5 (10.3-27.0) | .81 |
| Lymph node involvement | |||
| Yes | 30 (5.8) | 25 (48.1) | .91 |
| No | 29 (49.2) | 27 (51.9) | |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NGTD, nasogastric tube decompression.
a
Only for patients with malignant lesions.