TABLE 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Participants
| All Participants (n = 66) | Participants Using MDI Regimen (n = 35) | Participants Using an Insulin Pump (n = 31) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| Mean ± SD | 14.5 ± 1.8 | 14.3 ± 1.7 | 14.7 ± 2.0 |
| Range | 12–18.8 | 12.0–18.8 | 12–18.7 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 42.0 (64) | 24 (69) | 18.0 (58) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 23.0 ± 4.6 | 23.5 ± 4.8 | 22.4 ± 4.5 |
| Range | 15.3–38.9 | 15.3–38.9 | 16.1–30.7 |
| z score, mean ± SD | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.9 |
| Weight status, n (%) | |||
| Normal/underweight | 42 (64) | 20 (57) | 22 (71) |
| Overweight/obese* | 24 (36) | 15 (43) | 9 (29) |
| Duration of diabetes, years | |||
| Mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 4.1 | 4.0 ± 3.2 | 8.4 ± 3.7 |
| Range | 0.2–15.7 | 0.2–13 | 1.8–15.7 |
| A1C, % | |||
| Mean ± SD | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 9.0 ± 1.4 |
| Range | 6.0–11.6 | 6.0–11.6 | 6.6–11.6 |
| Mean ± SD excluding recently diagnosed† | 9.0 ± 1.4 | 8.9 ± 1.4 | 9.0 ± 1.4 |
| Percentage with A1C ≥7.5% | 81.8 | 74.3 | 90.3 |
| IPAQ, n (%)‡ | |||
| Low | 6 (11.1) | 5 (16.7) | 1 (4.2) |
| Moderate | 16 (29.6) | 8 (26.7) | 8 (33.3) |
| High | 32 (59.3) | 17 (56.7) | 15 (62.5) |
| HFS-B | |||
| Mean ± SD | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.5 |
| n§ | 63 | 33 | 30 |
| HFS-W | |||
| Mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 |
| n§ | 65 | 34 | 31 |
*
Based on American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations: BMI 85th–95th percentile is overweight; BMI >95th percentile is obese.
†
Excluding participants who have been diagnosed within 7 months of their visit date.
‡
Twelve participants did not fill out enough information for an IPAQ score; a total of 54 (30 of 35 participants from the MDI group and 24 of 31 participants from the insulin pump group) had an IPAQ score.
§
Number of participants who responded.