Table 2.
Nanomaterial’s use in mesenchymal stem cells
| Nanomaterial | Differentiation potential | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Polymeric NMs | Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-bovine albumin serum (PLGA-BSA) | Increase osteogenesis, decrease adipogenesis differentiation | [124] |
| Ceramic NMs | Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs (20 nm)) | Enhance osteogenic differentiation | [125] |
| Carbon NMs | SWCNTs | Enhance adipogenic, osteogenic | [126] |
| Carbon NMs | Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets | Enhance osteogenic differentiation | [127] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | Chitosan-gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) | Enhance osteogenic differentiation | [128] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | BSA-AuNPs (70, 100 nm) | Enhance osteogenic differentiation | [129] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | BSA-AuNPs (40 nm) | Decrease osteogenic differentiation | [129] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | BSA-coated gold nanorods (70 nm) | Enhance osteogenic differentiation | [129] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | Polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticles PEG-AuNPs (4 nm) | Decrease osteogenic differentiation | [130] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | Gold nanoparticles, carboxylic acid (AuNP–COOH) (17 nm) | Decrease osteogenic differentiation | [131] |
| Metal/metal oxide NMs | Zincoxide (ZnO NPs) | Enhance osteogenic differentiation | [132] |