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. 2020 Jul 16;11:284. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01794-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — SANLCs induced by the BMP4/PD/BMS (BPM) possess typical electrophysiological characteristics of SAN. a Spontaneous beating frequency of SANLCs was significantly higher in the BPM (n = 6) than in the GiWi groups (n = 6) (t test, ***p < 0.001 versus GiWi control followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test). b HCN4 channel inhibitor treatment caused significantly decreased beating rate in the BPM (n = 7) compared to the GiWi groups (n = 7) (t test, **p < 0.01 versus GiWi control followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test). c Representative ventricule-like, atria-like, and sinus node-like action potential (AP) curves were recorded by whole cell patch clamp (left panel). The percentage of cells with pacemaker-like AP was remarkably increased in the BPM compared to the GiWi group (6/18 versus 2/15, BPM versus GiWi) (t test, ***p < 0.001 versus GiWi control). Data are presented as “mean ± SD”