Table 2.
Clinical characteristics according to quartiles of protein carbonyl
| Variable | Q1(n = 22) | Q2 (n = 22) | Q3(n = 22) | Q4 (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25.0 to < 57.5 | 57.5 to < 79.0 | 79.0 to < 106.8 | 106.8 to 432.0 | |
| Age (years) | 56 (49–67) | 59 (50–77) | 63 (51–73) | 60 (55–72) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22 (20–24) | 22 (21–24) | 22 (19–25) | 21 (20–24) |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 12 (54.5) | 11 (50.0) | 12 (54.5) | 16 (69.6) |
| Diabetic, n (%) | 13 (59.1) | 14 (63.6) | 13 (59.1) | 10 (43.5) |
| Cause of ESRD, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 13 (54.5) | 13 (59.1) | 13 (59.1) | 10 (45.5) |
| Hypertension | 6 (27.3) | 4 (18.2) | 6 (27.3) | 5 (22.7) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 2 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (13.6) | 4 (18.2) |
| Others | 2 (9.1) | 3 (13.6) | 0 | 3 (13.6) |
| HD vintage (months) | 40 (28–59) | 19 (24–48) | 20 (11–49) | 38 (18–43) |
| CAD, n (%) | 5 (22.7) | 6 (27.3) | 6 (27.3) | 11 (50.0) |
| CVD, n (%) | 2 (9.1) | 6 (27.3) | 6 (27.3) | 7 (31.8) |
| PAOD, n (%) | 1 (4.5) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (4.5) | 3 (13.6) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.7 (9.1–10.4) | 10.6 (8.8–10.4) | 10.1 (8.9–10.7) | 9.7 (8.7–10.5) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 (3.5–3.7) | 3.7 (3.4–3.7) | 3.4 (3.0–3.6) | 3.5 (3.3–3.6) |
| Prealbumin (mg/dL) * | 30 (26–35) | 25 (21–30) | 26 (22–31) | 23 (19–28) |
| Transferrin (μg/dL) * | 217 (200–232) | 200 (171–215) | 185 (152–210) | 175 (158–209) |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 199 (86–309) | 165 (125–237) | 140 (92–251) | 199 (139–312) |
| Transferrin saturation (%) | 34 (28–40) | 35 (28–51) | 33 (24–42) | 34 (30–42) |
| IV iron, n (%) | 4 (18.2) | 0 | 3 (13.6) | 6 (27.3) |
| IV iron dose, mg | 475 ± 75 | 0 | 400 ± 31 | 417 ± 31 |
| Erythropoietin stimulating dose | ||||
| DPO (ug/week), n = 40 | 61 (35–98) | 69 (48–92) | 60 (39–93) | 71 (48–101) |
| EPO (IU/week), n = 48 | 15,782 | 17,202 | 16,042 | 18,902 |
| β2-microglobulin (mg/L) | 24 (20–30) | 26 (21–30) | 17 (30–33) | 29 (22–31) |
| HbA1c, (%) | 6.8 (6.6–8.5) | 6.4 (6.1–7.5) | 6.8 (6.1–7.4) | 7.2 (5.9–9.1) |
| Loss of RRF, n (%) | 10 (45.4) | 12 (54.5) | 13 (59.1) | 14 (63.6) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 3.1 (1.9–6.5) | 5.3 (1.7–6.5) | 5.7 (3.0–13.7) | 5.4 (2.7–9.9) |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.8 (0.6–1.9) | 1.2 (0.3–6.5) | 1.0 (0.6–2.1) | 1.3 (0.5–3.8) |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 326 (261–397) | 339 (316–372) | 3,329,267–374) | 334 (261–417) |
| SGA score * | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 6.0 (5.0–6.0) |
| SGA < 6, n (%) * | 2 (9.1) | 4 (18.2) | 6 (27.3) | 10 (45.5) |
| OH/ECW (%) * | −1.5 (−11–29.) | −3.8 (−13.5–35) | 0 (−16–58) | 10.8 (3–48) |
| HGS (kg) | ||||
| Male * | 30.5 (21–36) | 31.6 (28–34) | 29.3 (19–32) | 23.6 (20–30) |
| Female | 20.8 (20–26) | 22.1 (18–27) | 19.0 (16–22) | 19.8 (19–20) |
| LTI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Male * | 13.8 (11.8–16.2) | 15.2 (11.5–16.9) | 13.8 (11.5–16.2) | 11.8 (9.3–14.3) |
| Female | 11.3 (10.4–12.9) | 12.6 (10.0–14.5) | 11.3 (10.4–12.0) | 11.1 (9.6–12.4) |
| FTI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Male | 7.5 (5.5–14.5) | 7.1 (3.0–10.8) | 6.1 (4.6–10.5) | 8.8 (7.1–10.1) |
| Female | 9.3 (7.9–18.0) | 7.6 (6.2–9.2) | 11 (6.7–16.4) | 12.0 (10.3–14.9) |
| Low LTI, n (%) * | 8 (36.4) | 7 (31.8) | 7 (31.8) | 14 (63.6) |
| Low HGS, n (%) | 7 (31.8) | 12 (54.5) | 14 (63.6) | 16 (72.7) |
| Mortality, n (%) * | 5 (22.7) | 6 (27.3) | 6 (27.3) | 13 (59.1) |
HD hemodialysis, CAD coronary artery disease, CVD cerebrovascular disease, PAOD peripheral artery disease, IV intravenous, DPO Darbepoetin, EPO erythropoietin, RRF residual renal function, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, SGA subjective global assessment, OH overhydration index, ECW extracellular water, HGS handgrip strength, LTI lean tissue index, FTI fat tissue index
*p < 0.05