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. 2019 Feb 26;94:11. doi: 10.1186/s42506-019-0011-z

Table 1.

Knowledge of students regarding health hazards of tobacco smoking and addictive effect of different substances, Cairo University, academic year 2014–2015

Correct Incorrect I do not know
N % N % N %
Tobacco smoking health hazards
 Bladder cancer 247 83.4 17 5.7 32 10.8
 Coronary artery disease 290 98.0 2 0.7 4 1.4
 Lung cancer 290 98.0 2 0.7 4 1.4
 Chronic bronchitis 281 95.0 9 3.0 6 2.0
 Sexual dysfunction 265 89.5 10 3.4 21 7.1
 Oral cancer 281 95.0 8 2.6 7 2.4
 Emphysema 270 91.2 14 4.7 12 4.1
 Laryngeal cancer 284 95.9 4 1.4 8 2.7
 Peripheral vascular disease 273 92.2 10 3.4 13 4.4
 Leukoplakia 237 80.1 15 5.0 44 14.9
 Neonatal mortality 261 88.1 12 4.1 23 7.8
 Cerebrovascular disease 277 93.6 6 2.0 13 4.4
Shisha smoking harm in comparison to cigarette smoking
 Is shisha smoking less harmful than cigarette smoking? 246 83.1 39 13.2 11 3.7
Addiction causation by addictive substances
 Tobacco smoking 205 69.2 78 26.4 13 4.4
 Bango 252 85.1 34 11.5 10 3.4
 Codeine 272 91.9 11 3.7 13 4.4
 Xanax 175 59.1 21 7.1 100 33.8
 Valium 206 69.6 41 13.8 49 16.6
 Tramadol (Tramal) 272 91.9 12 4.1 12 4.1