Table 2.
Additional treatment interventions conducted in manual wheelchair users with shoulder pain.
| Authors | Intervention | Duration (weeks) | Participants | Measures | Design | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample (n) | Age (years) | Disability | Experience (years) | Activity (hour/week) | Pain | Secondary | ||||
| Therapeutic: | ||||||||||
| Dyson-Hudson et al.30 | Acupuncture vs. TPI. 10 treatments over 5 weeks | 15 | 18 14 M; 4 F |
45 ± 11 | SCI (tetra & para) |
15 ± 8 | Comm 6 ± 7 |
PC-WUSPI | n/a | Quasi |
| Dyson-Hudson et al.31 | Acupuncture vs. placebo. 10 treatments over 5 weeks | 15 | 17 15 M; 2 F |
39 ± 11 | SCI (tetra & para) |
11 ± 9 | Comm 8 ± 13 |
PC-WUSPI | n/a | RCT |
| Giner-Pasqual et al.32 | Transdermal nitroglycerine patch vs. placebo. Daily | 24 | 41 Not stated |
42-54 | SCI (all para) |
Not stated | Athletes Not stated |
WUSPI | RoM | RCT |
| Equipment: | ||||||||||
| Finley and Rodgers33 | 2-geared, nonpowered MAGIC Wheels – 5 months | 28 | 13 7 M; 6 F |
46 ± 14 | SCI/polio | 15 ± 10 | Not stated | PC-WUSPI | Impingement tests & RoM | Coh |
| Educational: | ||||||||||
| Hoenig et al.34 | Education on fitting & propulsion vs. standard care | 24 | 57 Not stated |
65 ± 14 | Not stated | 13 ± 7 | Comm Not stated |
Yes / No | n/a | |
| Rice et al.35 | Upper limb preservation guidance vs. standard care | 52 | 37 28 M; 9 F |
38 ± 16 | SCI (tetra & para) |
Not stated | Comm Not stated |
PC-WUSPI | Propulsion kinetics | RCT |
| Lifestyle: | ||||||||||
| Hubert et al.36 | 19 days training with mobility service dog | 28 | 11 Not stated |
Not stated | SCI (not stated) |
Not stated | Comm Not stated |
WUSPI | n/a | Coh |
| Vincent et al.37 | Mobility service dog to provide lifestyle assistance | 54 | 66 45 M; 21 F |
X- 41 | SCI (not stated) |
Not stated | Comm Not stated |
WUSPI | n/a | Coh |
| Vincent et al.38 | Mobility service dog to provide lifestyle assistance | 54 | 17 9 M; 8 F |
42 ± 15 | SCI (not stated) |
Not stated | Comm Not stated |
WUSPI | n/a | Coh |
TPI: Trager Psychophysical Integration; SCI: spinal cord injury; tetra: tetraplegia; para: paraplegia; Comm: community users; RCT: randomized controlled trial; Coh: cohort; Quasi: quasi-experimental; WUSPI: wheelchair users shoulder pain index; PC-WUSPI: performance-corrected wheelchair users shoulder pain index; RoM: range of movement.