Table 1.
Distribution of Population Characteristics and Alpha Diversity Metrics by Smoking Status
| Smoking status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 249) | Never (n = 151) | Former (n = 36) | Current (n = 62) | p* Former | p † Current | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.5 ± 4.1 | 22.5 ± 4.2 | 20.8 ± 3.4 | 19.6 ± 3.3 | .03 | <.001 |
| Missing | — | 1 | — | — | ||
| Male, % | 41.0 | 15.9 | 63.9 | 88.7 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Female, % | 59.0 | 84.1 | 36.1 | 11.3 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Age, years | 48.6 ± 7.9 | 46.4 ± 7.5 | 54.5 ± 5.8 | 50.5 ± 7.8 | <.01 | <.01 |
| Education, yearsa | 2.4 ± 3.3 | 2.7 ± 3.6 | 1.8 ± 3.0 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | .15 | .03 |
| Ever betel quid use, % | 50.6 | 43.1 | 69.4 | 58.1 | <.01 | .046 |
| Packs per day | 0.19 ± 0.34 | 0 | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.50 ± .31 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 112.0 ± 17.4 | 112.1 ± 17.8 | 116.9 ± 20.1 | 108.8 ± 14.2 | .15 | .15 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71.1 ± 11.5 | 71.3 ± 11.3 | 72.3 ± 12.4 | 69.8 ± 11.5 | .63 | .40 |
| Observed OTUs | 3297 ± 1295 | 3209 ± 1331 | 3497 ± 1045 | 3394 ± 1336 | .23 | .36 |
| Chao1 richness estimator | 9943 ± 3587 | 9693 ± 3695 | 10 623 ± 3068 | 10 156 ± 3589 | .16 | .40 |
| Shannon diversity index | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | .62 | .83 |
| Simpson diversity index | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | .72 | .87 |
BMI = body mass index; OTUs = operational taxonomic units.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
aAssessed at baseline.
*p values were computed with the t test or chi-square in comparison to never-smokers.
† n = 248 (missing data for one person).