Fig. 1. Effect of cigarette smoke on kidney injury. Paraffin-embedded kidney sections (5 μm-thick) were stained with NGAL antibody (A) and quantified as shown (B). Original magnification, 200×; scale bar, 50 μm. The levels of urinary NGAL (C), KIM-1 (D), and albumin (E) were measured using an ELISA kit. Data are expressed as mean ± SE of 6–8 rats per group. *p < 0.05 vs. control rats; #p < 0.05 vs. DM rats.
