. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2019 Dec 12;20(1):69–84. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1699063

Table 4:

Currently available Point-of-Care Tests for Cells and Exosomes in Urine

Analyte (ref)	Type of test (r/c)	Detection Method	Site of Use	Indications	Time	LoD / working range	Advantages	Disadvantages
Erythrocytes (113)	LFA— UBC rapid (c)	Colorimetric	Laborotory Clinic office	Macrohematuria	10 min	NA	Rapid; Quantitative; Easy operation	POC reader concile ® Ω100 required for quantitative analysis
	LFA— NMP22 BladderChek (c)				30 min	NA	Rapid; Quantitative; Easy operation	POC reader concile ® Ω100 required for quantitative analysis
	LFA— BTA stat (c)				5 min	NA	Rapid; Easy operation	Qualitative
Exosomes (114)	Microchip ELISA (r)	Colorimetric	Laborotory Clinic office	Bladder cancer	2.5 hours	Exosome size range of 30 to 200 nm	Quantitative; High TPR & TNR, Smartphone used for imaging	Laptop required for quantitative analysis

Abbreviations: (c): Available for commercial use; LFA: Lateral flow assay; LoD: Limit of detection; (r): Available for research use; TNR: True negative rate; TPR: True positive rate