Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Overall (n=122) |
Zero DB (n=41) |
Average daily drug burden ≥0.01* | P-value** | ||
| Low DB (n=46) |
High DB (n=35) |
||||
| Age, years | 76 [56, 83] | 73 [54, 82] | 75 [61, 82] | 79 [57, 83] | 0.962 |
| ≤64, n (%) | 39 (32) | 14 (34) | 14 (30) | 11 (31) | 0.931 |
| 65–80, n (%) | 39 (32) | 13 (32) | 16 (35) | 10 (29) | 0.838 |
| ≥81, n (%) | 44 (36) | 14 (34) | 16 (35) | 14 (40) | 0.846 |
| Female, n (%) | 48 (39) | 12 (29) | 19 (41) | 17 (49) | 0.216 |
| Height, cm | 161 [153, 167] | 163 [155,170] | 160 [153, 166] | 161 [154, 166] | 0.421 |
| Body weight, kg | 54 [49, 62] | 56 [50, 67] | 53 [48, 58] | 53 [46, 58] | 0.102 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.8 [19.2, 23.2] | 21.3 [19.3, 22.4] | 20.7 [19.3, 22.4] | 20.6 [18.5, 23.0] | 0.128 |
| BMI <18.5, n (%) | 22 (18) | 4 (10) | 9 (20) | 9 (26) | 0.185 |
| 18.5≤ BMI ≤24.9, n (%) | 85 (70) | 28 (68) | 32 (70) | 25 (71) | 0.957 |
| BMI ≥25, n (%) | 15 (12) | 9 (22) | 5 (11) | 1 (3) | 0.038 |
| Higher brain dysfunction, n (%) | 85 (70) | 26 (63) | 33 (72) | 26 (74) | 0.547 |
| Time from onset of cerebrovascular accident to admission, days | 37 [28, 45] | 35 [27, 42] | 37 [29, 46] | 41 [28, 54] | 0.145 |
| Type of cerebrovascular disease | |||||
| Cerebral infarction, n (%) | 53 (43) | 18 (44) | 20 (43) | 15 (43) | 0.996 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage, n (%) | 24 (20) | 11 (27) | 7 (15) | 6 (17) | 0.359 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage, n (%) | 11 (9) | 2 (5) | 7 (15) | 2 (6) | 0.176 |
| Others***, n (%) | 34 (28) | 10 (24) | 12 (26) | 12 (34) | 0.596 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 20 (16) | 4 (10) | 8 (17) | 8 (23) | 0.298 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 19 (16) | 5 (12) | 10 (22) | 4 (11) | 0.342 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 10 (8) | 3 (7) | 4 (9) | 3 (9) | 0.969 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 20 (16) | 7 (17) | 8 (17) | 5 (14) | 0.923 |
| Epilepsy, n (%) | 9 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 7 (20) | 0.002 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 8 (7) | 3 (7) | 2 (4) | 3 (9) | 0.727 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 81 (66) | 28 (68) | 33 (72) | 20 (57) | 0.368 |
| Parkinson’s disease, n (%) | 3 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 0.981 |
Data are presented as median [first quartile, third quartile] or number (percent).
* Low DB: average daily drug burden 0.01–0.49, High DB: average daily drug burden >0.49.
** Kruskal-Wallis test or chi-squared test, comparing three groups.
*** Head trauma, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and brain tumor.
BMI, body mass index; DB, drug burden.