Table 1.  Maximum upper limb joint angles for men and women during the spoon task.

Joint	Direction of Motion	Mean Maximum Joint Angle (°)		Significance	Cohen’s d
		Men (n=12)	Women (n=13)
Shoulder	Abduction	35.4 ± 8.2	36.3 ± 8.7	n.s.a	0.11
Shoulder	Flexion	39.0 ± 8.2	40.0 ± 8.4	n.s.a	0.12
Shoulder	Internal Rotation	8.8 ± 11.3	17.4 ± 10.2	n.s.c	0.80
Elbow	Flexion	125.0 ± 11.5	133.4 ± 7.5	P < 0.05b	0.87
Forearm	Pronation	95.2 ± 21.6	111.8 ± 21.0	n.s.a	0.78
Wrist	Radial Flexion	2.5 ± 12.0	3.9 ± 11.6	n.s.a	0.12
Wrist	Extension	35.6 ± 10.1	37.5 ± 8.1	n.s.a	0.21

n.s., not significant.

^aIndependent t-test (df=23); ^bWelch test; ^cMann–Whitney U test.