Table 2.
Mean (SD) nipple range of motion (m), peak nipple velocity (m·s-1), peak nipple acceleration (m·s-2) and breast pain (0 to 10) during walking (1.4 m∙s-1) and running (2.8 m∙s-1) with no breast support, low support and high support, and effect sizes (d or r) across breast support conditions (n=39, breast size range of 32C to 36G)
| Walking | Running | |||||||
| No support | Low support | High support | Effect size/s (d or r) across breast support conditions |
No support | Low support | High support | Effect size/s (d or r) across breast support conditions |
|
| Nipple range of motion (m) | ||||||||
| Anteroposterior | 0.016* (0.007) | 0.008* (0.003) | 0.006* (0.003) | ≥0.460 | 0.022* (0.016) | 0.011* (0.005) | 0.008* (0.002) | ≥0.446 |
| Mediolateral | 0.021* (0.013) | 0.010* (0.006) | 0.006* (0.005) | ≥0.594 | 0.033* (0.026) | 0.015* (0.008) | 0.009* (0.006) | ≥0.616 |
| Superoinferior | 0.036* (0.029) | 0.026* (0.020) | 0.014* (0.012) | 0.617 | 0.067* (0.028) | 0.046* (0.018) | 0.027* (0.013) | ≥0.862 |
| Peak nipple velocity (m·s-1) | ||||||||
| Anterior | 0.095* (0.057) | 0.039* (0.018) | 0.024* (0.009) | ≥0.571 | 0.193* (0.125) | 0.099* (0.040) | 0.074* (0.028) | ≥0.463 |
| Posterior | −0.094* (0.046) | −0.037* (0.019) | −0.022* (0.008) | ≥0.569 | −0.217* (0.196) | −0.099* (0.049) | −0.068* (0.023) | ≥0.510 |
| Lateral | 0.127* (0.078) | 0.039* (0.027) | 0.015* (0.011) | ≥0.615 | 0.317* (0.257) | 0.113* (0.056) | 0.066* (0.043) | ≥0.591 |
| Medial | −0.105* (0.070) | −0.036* (0.025) | −0.015* (0.011) | ≥0.587 | −0.294* (0.296) | −0.094* (0.048) | −0.066* (0.043) | ≥0.486 |
| Superior | 0.111* (0.058) | 0.068* (0.028) | 0.039* (0.019) | ≥0.601 | 0.468* (0.232) | 0.336* (0.164) | 0.193* (0.093) | ≥0.662 |
| Inferior | −0.135* (0.075) | −0.084* (0.037) | −0.044* (0.023) | ≥0.595 | −0.912* (0.460) | −0.558* (0.276) | −0.291* (0.170) | ≥0.937 |
| Peak nipple acceleration (m·s-2) | ||||||||
| Anterior | 1.505* (1.057) | 0.533* (0.271) | 0.308* (0.107) | ≥0.574 | 6.370* (6.578) | 2.197* (1.165) | 1.520* (0.577) | ≥0.604 |
| Posterior | −1.781* (1.099) | −0.694* (0.396) | −0.378* (0.178) | ≥0.544 | −5.718* (4.869) | −2.975* (1.556) | −2.107* (0.939) | ≥0.525 |
| Lateral | 2.104* (1.343) | 0.683* (0.492) | 0.244* (0.194) | ≥0.590 | 8.137* (7.338) | 2.095* (1.031) | 1.304* (0.887) | ≥0.563 |
| Medial | −2.042* (1.286) | −0.626* (0.464) | −0.238* (0.189) | ≥0.596 | −6.594* (5.924) | −1.996* (0.934) | −1.317* (0.808) | ≥0.539 |
| Superior | 2.443* (1.599) | 1.406* (0.730) | 0.715* (0.430) | ≥0.602 | 25.852* (14.576) | 15.357* (9.070) | 7.070* (4.240) | ≥0.865 |
| Inferior | −2.683* (1.615) | −1.510* (0.741) | −0.790* (0.464) | ≥0.608 | −18.206* (9.559) | −9.786* (5.324) | −5.125* (3.384) | ≥1.045 |
| Breast pain (0 to 10) | 0.75* (1.21) | 0.37* (0.77) | 0.13* (0.28) | ≥0.332 | 4.49* (2.71) | 2.39* (2.31) | 0.26* (0.42) | ≥0.565 |
Strong effect sizes (>0.5) are identified in bold.
*Significant difference between all breast support conditions at p<0.05.