Table 1.

Summary of the themes

Mental distress	Causal attributions	Coping strategy	Reported effectiveness
Ibikomere (wounded feelings)	Loss	Regaining partially what was lost (eg, social support)	Improvement to well-being and accepting difficulties
	Excessive thinking about the loss	Avoiding the trigger	Preventing excessive thinking, generating hope, social interactions
		Changing circumstances
		Prayer
Ihungabana/Ihahamuka	Unexpected extreme form of loss	Regaining partially what was lost (eg, social support)	Improvement to well-being
(mental disturbance/trauma)	Direct excessive thinking about the loss	Avoiding the trigger	Preventing remembering
	Magical forces	Prayer	Improvement to well-being
		Traditional healing
	Witnessing genocide	Hospital biomedical support	Reducing the distressed state
Kurwara mu mutwe	Magical forces	Traditional healing	Reducing the distressed state, including hallucinations.
(illness of the head/severe mental illness)	Biomedical causes	Hospital biomedical support
		Family support