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. 2020 Jul 14;8(1):e001519. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001519

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Suppression of microglial reactivity by lutein treatment in the retinas of the Ins2^Akita/+ mice. (A) Representative images of the retinal flat-mounts immunostained with CD68 and Iba-1 from the wild-type (a–c), untreated Ins2^Akita/+ (d–f), lutein-treated Ins2^Akita/+ (4.2 mg/kg/day, Akita+L4.2) (g–i) and lutein-treated Ins2^Akita/+ (8.4 mg/kg/day, Akita+L8.4) (j–l) mice at 4.5 months of age. Photomicrographs showed CD68-positive reactive microglia (red, white arrows) and Iba-1-positive total microglia (green, white arrow heads), respectively, together with merged images. Scale bar=100 µm. (B) Quantitative results of number of reactive microglia in the four experimental groups. n=6. Data are presented as mean±SEM; One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. **P<0.01, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; CD68, cluster of differentiation 68; Iba-1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1.