Fig 1. Oxfendazole has a moderate effect on O. gutturosa and O. volvulus adult worm motility in vitro.

Onchocerca parasites were exposed to oxfendazole, albendazole, flubendazole and Immiticide (melarsomine used as a positive control) at the final concentrations indicated. (A) O. gutturosa adult male motility at 120 h. (B) O. gutturosa adult male MTT assay represented as mean optical density (OD) values at 120 h. For (A) and (B), means + SEM from 4 individual adult worms per drug concentration and 6 untreated adult worms are shown. For Immiticide, 2 adult worms per concentration were used. Vertical lines represent the standard deviation. (C) O. volvulus pre-adult L5 worms were cultured with oxfendazole over 14 days followed by 19 days in complete media without drug. Shown is the IC50 of the motility inhibition at 14 (red square), 19 (blue circle) and 33 days (green triangle) of culture. Each condition was assayed with 7–10 worms total divided in two replicate wells. (D) O. lienalis microfilariae motility at 120 h. Means + SEM from 10 individual worms per drug concentration and 10 untreated worms are shown. Vertical lines represent the standard deviation. (A) Kruskal-Wallis H-test: χ² = 49.0, df = 17, p<0.0001 followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test; (B) Kruskal-Wallis H-test: χ² = 32.15, df = 17, p<0.0096 followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test; (D) Kruskal-Wallis H-test: χ² = 156.1, df = 16, p<0.0001 followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.