Fig 5.

Effect of UVA treatment on coronavirus 229E infection of HTeC cells at A) 16 hours, B) 36 hours, C) 72 hours and D) 96 hours post transfection (20x phase-contrast images). Left panels: Uninfected, untreated control cells. Middle panels: cells transfected with coronavirus 229E. Right panels: cells transfected with UVA-treated coronavirus 229E and then treated with UVA. Cells transfected with coronavirus 229E exhibit increasing vacuolation and cell death over time, resulting in decreased cell density. In contrast, transfected and UVA-treated cells remain viable and exhibit similar morphology to controls.