TABLE 1.
Study Characteristics by Data Source
| Characteristics | EHR Data* | Oregon Medicaid Data† |
|---|---|---|
| PC provider organizations (N) | ||
| Community health centers | 76 | 90 |
| PC clinics | NA | 400 |
| Multispecialty clinics | NA | 56 |
| Single-PC practice | NA | 543 |
| US States‡ | 20 | 1 |
| Total patients (N) | 827,657 | 232,891 |
| Cohorts§ (N) | ||
| 2012 | 405,351 | 71,666 |
| 2013 | 451,970 | 68,943 |
| 2014 | 492,549 | 169,026 |
| Female [n (%)] | 479,964 (58.0) | 126,369 (54.3) |
| Age, as of January 1, 2012 [mean (SD)] | 39.4 (13.1) | 39.3 (12.8) |
| Race-ethnicity [N (%)] | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 336,776 (40.7) | 162,164 (69.6) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 144,982 (17.5) | 8185 (3.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 29,896 (3.6) | 15,093 (6.5) |
| Hispanic | 241,645 (29.2) | 24,649 (10.6) |
| No information | 74,358 (9.0) | 22,800 (9.8) |
| Primary language [n (%)] | ||
| English | 632,174 (76.4) | 176,709 (75.9) |
| Spanish | 161,943 (19.6) | 6547 (2.8) |
| Other | 22,797 (2.8) | 4673 (2.0) |
| No information | 10,743 (1.3) | 44,962 (19.3) |
| Insurance group [n (%)] | ||
| Some private | 134,322 (16.2) | NA |
| Some public | 397,317 (48.0) | 232,891 (100) |
| Some private and public | 63,357 (7.7) | NA |
| Uninsured always | 232,661 (28.1) | NA |
| Federal poverty level∥ [n (%)] | ||
| ≤ 138% | 586,039 (70.8) | 232,891 (100) |
| > 138% | 138,042 (16.7) | NA |
| No information | 103,576 (12.5) | NA |
| Urban/rural group¶ [n (%)] | ||
| Urban area | 758,822 (91.7) | 214,576 (92.1) |
| Rural area | 65,252 (7.9) | 17,958 (7.8) |
| No information | 3583 (0.4) | 357 (0.2) |
All clinics in these samples delivered PC services.
Characteristics of nonpregnant, adults (age 19–64), having had at least 1 ambulatory visit in 2012, 2013, or 2014, in any of 76 community health centers across 20 US states, 2012–2017.
Patients having at least 1 claim for an office visit with a PC provider followed by a visit gap of at least 6 months while continuously enrolled. Cohort does not include patients with PC visits without ≥ 6 months visit gap.
Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, New Mexico, Nevada, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin.
Cohorts are not mutually exclusive and will not sum to 100% of total patients.
Last recorded federal poverty level.
EHR RUCA classification code based on 2010 census tract information and patient’s most recent zip code. Medicaid RUCA classification based on the patient’s most recent zip code.
EHR indicates electronic health record; NA, not available; PC, primary care; RUCA, rural-urban commuting area.