Table 1.

Factors contributing to the development of gut dysbiosis

	Factors	References
Exogenous	Geographic location	[75]
	Exposures to microbes in the environment	[110]
	Diet	[112]
	Drugs: antimicrobial agents, immunosuppressive agents, etc.	[78, 108]
Host factors	Genetic factors	[109, 111]
	Immune health/responses	[115]
	Diseases/disorders/infections	[76, 109]
	Severity of critical illness	[73]