The relevance of indole to human pathophysiology. (A) Body mass index (BMI). (B) Serum levels of indole and its correlation with BMI. (C) HOMA-IR was calculated using serum levels of insulin and glucose. (D) Hepatic fat content was estimated from liver attenuation (HU) based on CT-scan images. Left three panels, representative images; bar graph, quantitative data. A smaller HU indicates greater hepatic fat content. For A - D, the study included 75 lean, 51 overweight, and 11 obese subjects. Numeric are means ± SEM. *, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01 Obese vs Lean.