Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Low-risk (n = 40) | ADHD-risk (n = 43) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n, % | 23 (57.5%) | 29 (67.4%) | 0.35 |
| Racial/ethnic minority, n (%)a | 11 (27.5%) | 12 (28.6%) | 0.91 |
| Family income, n (%) | 0.06 | ||
| ≤ $100,000 | 14 (35.0%) | 23 (53.5%) | |
| ≥ $100,001 | 21 (52.5%) | 14 (32.6%) | |
| Decline to report/missing | 5 (12.5%) | 6 (13.9%) | |
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.2 (1.3) | 39.1 (2.0) | 0.77 |
| Nonverbal DQ, mean (SD)b | |||
| 12 months | 57.5 (7.5) | 55.2 (5.7) | 0.14 |
| 18 months | 52.0 (6.2) | 51.4 (5.3) | 0.66 |
| 24 months | 54.5 (8.2) | 48.8 (8.0) | < 0.01 |
| Verbal DQ, mean (SD)b | |||
| 12 months | 47.8 (8.0) | 45.5 (6.2) | 0.17 |
| 18 months | 48.5 (9.8) | 45.5 (13.5) | 0.27 |
| 24 months | 53.5 (8.6) | 50.1 (9.7) | 0.12 |
Note. ADHD = Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; DQ = Developmental Quotient. Group differences assessed using χ2 test for sex, racial/ethnic minority status, and family income, and two-sample t-test for remaining variables.
a
Missing for n = 1 ADHD-risk participant.
b
Nonverbal (averaged Visual Reception and Fine Motor subtest T-scores) and Verbal DQ (averaged Receptive and Expressive Language subtest T-scores) missing for n = 1 low-risk and n = 4 ADHD-risk participants at 12 months; n = 2 low-risk and n = 6 ADHD-risk participants at 18 months; and n = 4 low-risk group and n = 6 ADHD-risk participants at 24 months.