. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2020 Jan 17;50(5):619–631. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1709196

Table 4.

Parameter estimates (SE) for the mixed-effects regression models predicting ADHD behavior codes.

	Examiner Ratings^a			Behavior Codes^a			Parent Concerns^a

	Attention	Activity	Impulsivity	Inattention	Out-of-Seat	Grab
Estimated trajectory for Low-Risk group

Baseline (12mos)	2.07 (0.16)^***	2.40 (0.18)^***	1.85 (0.17)^***	0.84 (0.14)^***	−0.59 (0.27)^*	0.95 (0.14)^***	−4.23 (0.74)^**
Change from 12-18mos	0.68 (0.19)^***	0.54 (0.23)^*	0.84 (0.23)^***	0.31 (0.18)^{^}	0.98 (0.32)^**	0.04 (0.19)	−0.82 (0.89)
Change from 12-24mos	0.36 (0.20)^{^}	0.14 (0.23)	0.99 (0.24)^***	−0.04 (0.20)	0.74 (0.33)^*	−0.36 (0.21)^{^}	1.28 (0.71)^{^}
Estimated difference between ADHD-Risk and Low-Risk group
Baseline (12mos)	0.49 (0.23)^*	0.63 (0.26)^*	0.84 (0.24)^***	0.05 (0.20)	0.93 (0.35)^**	0.42 (0.20)^*	1.89 (0.89)^*
Change from 12-18mos	−0.22 (0.28)	−0.25 (0.32)	−0.28 (0.33)	0.26 (0.26)	−0.33 (0.42)	0.02 (0.26)	2.29 (0.99)^*
Change from 12-24mos	0.29 (0.28)	0.09 (0.33)	−0.26 (0.33)	0.33 (0.29)	−0.37 (0.44)	−0.08 (0.28)	−0.10 (0.84)

Note:

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p < .001,

^{^}

p < .10.

SE = standard error

From mixed-effect linear regression (for examiner ratings), negative binomial (for coded behavior), or logistic (for parent concerns) models with fixed effects for group (ADHD-risk, low-risk), time (12 [baseline], 18, and 24 months), and their interaction and person as a random effect.